第一章 管理 Administration
4. 編目管理 Catalog
Administration
4.1. MARC 書目框架
MARC Bibliographic Frameworks
4.2. Koha 至 MARC
對照表 Koha to MARC
Mapping
4.3. 鍵詞至 MARC
對照表 Keywords to MARC
Mapping
4.4. MARC 書目框架測試
MARC Bibliographic Framework Test
4.5. 權威記錄類別
Authority Types
4.6. 分類法來源
Classification Sources
編目之前，先設定這些參數。Set
these controls before you start cataloging on your Koha system.
- 首頁 › 管理 › 目錄 Get there: More > Administration > Catalog
4.1. MARC 書目框架 MARC
Bibliographic Frameworks
把 框架當成新增書目記錄的模板，可以編輯或刪除Koha預設的框架，圖書館員也可以建立自己的框架。Think
of Frameworks as templates for creating new bibliographic records.
Koha comes with some predefined frameworks that can be edited or
deleted, and librarians can create their own frameworks for content
specific to their libraries.
- 首頁 › 管理 › 目錄 › 機讀編目格式書目框架 Get there: More > Administration > Catalog > MARC Bibliographic Frameworks
重要 Important
不 要刪除或編輯預設的框架，會造成編目的麻煩；以預設框架為基礎，新增框架或修改其他框架。Do
not delete or edit the Default Framework since this will cause
problems with your cataloging records - always create a new template
based on the Default Framework, or alter the other Frameworks.
點選每個框架右方的'機讀編目格式結構'
連結後，以上方的表格設定每個頁面顯示的欄位，10、20、30、40、50、100或200，預設值是20。After
clicking the 'MARC structure' link to the right of each framework you
can decide how many fields you want to see on one screen by using the
pagination options at the top of the table
新增書目記錄框架程序 To
add a new framework
- 點選 '新增書目記錄框架' Click 'New Framework'
- 書目記錄框架代碼必須少於4個字元 Enter a code of 4 or fewer characters
- 描述欄位，鍵入詳細的內容 Use the Description field to enter a more detailed definition of your framework
- 點選 ‘送出’ Click 'Submit'
- 新增之後，點選框架右方的'機讀編目格式結構' Once your Framework is added click 'MARC structure' to the right of it on the list of Frameworks
- 會 問你，新的框架用於何種圖書資訊，簡化編目的程序。You will be asked to choose a Framework to base your new Framework off of, this will make it easier than starting from scratch
- 框架出現在畫面後，就可以編輯或刪除欄位。Once your Framework appears on the screen you can edit or delete each field by following the instructions for editing subfields
4.1.2. 編輯框架 Edit
Existing Frameworks
點 選框架右方的‘編輯’鈕，可以編輯該框架的描述：Clicking
'Edit' to the right of a Framework will only allow you to edit the
Description for the Framework:
編 輯框架裡的欄位時，需先點選框架右方的'機讀編目格式結構'，然後依照下節的指示。
To make edits to the fields
associated with the Framework you must first click 'MARC Structure'
and then follow the instructions for editing subfields
4.1.3. 新增分欄至框架
Add subfields to Frameworks
點選框架上方的‘新增欄位’鈕，即可新增欄位。To
add a field to a Framework click the 'New Tag' button at the top of
the Framework definition
將打開空白的表格，供鍵入欄位資料。This
will open up a blank form for entering MARC field data
- ‘欄位’是 MARC 的欄位編號The 'Tag' is the MARC field number
- ‘圖書館的書標’是顯示在館員介面的編目模組文字The 'Label for lib' is the text that will appear in the staff client when in the cataloging module
- ‘線 上公用目錄的書標’是顯示在線上公用目錄裡，Koha 顯示的文字The 'Label for OPAC' is the text that will appear in the OPAC when viewing the MARC version of the record
- 若是可重複的欄位，則勾選‘可重複’If this field can be repeated, check the 'Repeatable' box
- 若是必備的欄位，則勾選‘必備’ If this field is mandatory, check the 'Mandatory' box
- 若 希望使用幾個特定的值，則點選‘容許值’If you want this field to be a pull down with limited possible answers, choose which 'Authorized value' list you want to use
結束時，按下‘儲存改變’。When
you're finished, click 'Save Changes' and you will be presented with
your new field
4.1.4. 編輯框架分欄
Edit Framework Subfields
框 架由MARC欄位與分欄構成，編輯欄位與分欄就是編輯框架。點選分欄右方的‘編輯’鈕，就可以改變該欄位的內容。
Frameworks are made up of MARC
fields and subfields. To make edits to most Frameworks you must edit
the fields and subfields. Clicking 'Edit' to the right of each
subfield will allow you to make changes to the text associated with
the field
- 每個欄位有一個標籤(稱為 MARC 標籤) Each field has a tag (which is the MARC tag)
- advancedMARCeditor 參數設定為顯示標籤時，在館員介面顯示'圖書館的標籤'的內容。 The 'Label for lib' is what will show in the staff client if you have advancedMARCeditor set to display labels
- 在線上公用目錄檢視機讀編目格式時，顯示‘線上公用目錄的標籤’的內容。The 'Label for OPAC' is what will show on the MARC view in the OPAC
- 勾 選‘可重複’，在欄位旁出現加號，允許鍵入多個該欄位的內容。If you check 'Repeatable' then the field will have a plus sign next to it allowing you to add multiples of that tag
- 勾選‘必備’，必須在此欄位鍵入內容，才能儲存該筆記錄。If you check 'Mandatory' the record will not be allowed to save unless you have a value assigned to this tag
- 設定‘容許值’後，編目員祗能從該等容許值裡選取內容。'Authorized value' is where you define an authorized value that your catalogers can choose from a pull down to fill this field in
- 點選欄位右方的‘分欄’連 結，就能編輯相關的分欄。 To edit the subfields associated with the tag, click 'Subfields' to the right of the tag on the 'MARC Structure' listing
- 每個分欄都可以‘刪除’。 From the list of subfields you can click 'Delete' to the right of each to delete the subfields
- 點選‘編輯’，就可以編輯該分欄。 To edit the subfields click 'Edit Subfields'
- 每個分欄都可以設定下列的值 For each subfield you can set the following values
- 圖書館員說明 Text for librarian
- 在館員介面顯示的文字 what appears before the subfield in the librarian interface
- 線上公用目錄說明 Text for OPAC
- 顯示在線上公用目錄的文字 what appears before the field in the OPAC.
- 讓它空白，則使用圖書館員說明的內容 If left empty, the text for librarian is used instead
- 可重複 Repeatable
- 在欄位旁出現加號，允許鍵入多個該欄位的內容。 the field will have a plus sign next to it allowing you to add multiples of that tag
- 必備 Mandatory
- 必須在此欄位鍵入內容，才能儲存該筆記錄。the record will not be allowed to save unless you have a value assigned to this tag
- 管理顯示頁面 Managed in tab
- 設 定分頁顯示的分欄，同個欄位的分欄必須在同個分頁，或忽視。忽視的意是不管理分欄。 defines the tab where the subfield is shown. All subfields of a given field must be in the same tab or ignored. Ignore means that the subfield is not managed.
- 預設值 Default value
- defines what you want to appear in the field by default, this will be editable, but it saves time if you use the same note over and over or the same value in a field often.
- 隱藏 hidden 顯示更多限制 display more constraints
- 允許您選擇其他的選項： allows you to select from 19 possible visibility conditions, 17 of which are implemented. They are the following:
- -9 => Future use
- -8 => Flag
- -7 => OPAC !Intranet !Editor Collapsed
- -6 => OPAC Intranet !Editor !Collapsed
- -5 => OPAC Intranet !Editor Collapsed
- -4 => OPAC !Intranet !Editor !Collapsed
- -3 => OPAC !Intranet Editor Collapsed
- -2 => OPAC !Intranet Editor !Collapsed
- -1 => OPAC Intranet Editor Collapsed
- 0 => OPAC Intranet Editor !Collapsed
- 1 => !OPAC Intranet Editor Collapsed
- 2 => !OPAC !Intranet Editor !Collapsed
- 3 => !OPAC !Intranet Editor Collapsed
- 4 => !OPAC Intranet Editor !Collapsed
- 5 => !OPAC !Intranet !Editor Collapsed
- 6 => !OPAC Intranet !Editor !Collapsed
- 7 => !OPAC Intranet !Editor Collapsed
- 8 => !OPAC !Intranet !Editor !Collapsed
- 9 => Future use • URL : if checked, the subfield is an URL, and can be clicked
- ( ! 表示‘看不到’，若編輯器毀損，則表示‘未毀損’) (! means 'not visible' or in the case of Collapsed 'not Collapsed')
- 網址嗎 Is a URL
- 若勾選，則表示該分欄的內容是連結，可以點選。if checked, it means that the subfield is a URL and can be clicked
- 連結 Link
- 在 200b 鍵入欄位/分欄，檢視MARC詳情時，顯示連結。祗在館員介面顯示，線上公用目錄沒有。有兩個目的： If you enter a field/subfield here (200b), a link appears after the subfield in the MARC Detail view. This view is present only in the staff client, not the OPAC. If the librarian clicks on the link, a search is done on the database for the field/subfield with the same value. This can be used for 2 main topics :
- 在作者欄位(UNIMARC 200f)，則檢索同作者的所有著作。on a field like author (200f in UNIMARC), put 200f here, you will be able to see all bib records with the same author.
- 在 連結欄位(4xx)裡，則到另個書目記錄；如，把011a放在464$x裡，則找到該ISSN的期刊。on a field that is a link (4xx) to reach another bib record. For example, put 011a in 464$x, will find the serials that are with this ISSN.
- 警告 Warning
新增資料後，不應改變其內容。This
value should not change after data has been added to your catalog
- Koha 連結 Koha link
- Koha 相容是多-MARC，它看不懂245$a(MARC21書名)或200$f(UNIMARC 書名)，必須從這個清單裡“對映”至MARC的分欄。
- Koha is multi-MARC compliant. So, it does not know what the 245$a means, neither what 200$f (those 2 fields being both the title in MARC21 and UNIMARC). So, in this list you can "map" a MARC subfield to its meaning. Koha constantly maintains consistency between a subfield and its meaning. When the user want to search on "title", this link is used to find what is searched (245 if you're MARC21, 200 if you're UNIMARC).
- 容許值 Authorized value
- 表 示祗能從預設的值裡選擇其中之一。必須先在預設值裡設定，參見 2.3. 預設值。 means the value cannot by typed by the librarian, but must be chosen from a pull down generated by the authorized value list
- 在以下的例子裡，040a 欄位裡，祗能選擇二個字串之一。 In the example above, the 040a field will show the MARC040 Authorized Values when cataloging
- 索引典 Thesaurus
- 表 示不能隨意鍵入字元，必須從指定的索引典裡選取。 means that the value is not free text, but must be searched in the authority/thesaurus of the selected category
- 外掛 Plugin
- 表示其值係裡外掛程式計算或管理。 means the value is calculated or managed by a plugin. Plugins can do almost anything.
- 有 很多外掛程式適用於UNIMARC的1xx資料代碼段，對編目員來說，省事不少。有兩個著名的外掛，unimarc_plugin_210c 與 unimarc_plugin_225a，可以從ISBN搜尋作者，從集叢名找到編者。 For example, in UNIMARC there are plugins for every 1xx fields that are coded fields. The plugin is a huge help for cataloger ! There are also two plugins (unimarc_plugin_210c and unimarc_plugin_225a that can "magically" find the editor from an ISBN, and the collection list for the editor)
- 按下畫面上方的‘儲存改變’鈕，把編輯的內容存起來。To save your changes simply click the 'Save Changes' button at the top of the screen
4.1.5. 匯入/匯出框架
Import/Export Frameworks
每個框架都可以匯入與匯出。Next
to each framework is a link to either import or export the framework.
4.1.5.1. 匯出框架 Export
Framework
點選‘匯出’，就匯出框架。To
export a framework simply click the 'Export' link to the right of
framework title.
4.1.5.2. 匯入框架 Import
Framework
從 另個Koha資料庫匯入，是建立框架的最簡單方法。先建立框架，然後點選‘匯入’鈕。An
easy way to create a new framework is to import it from another Koha
database. To import a framework you first need to create a new
framework. Once you have that framework, click 'Import' to the right
of the new framework.
確認。You will be asked to
confirm your actions before the file is imported.
上傳之後，就可看到新的框架已完成。As
your file is uploaded you will see an image that will confirm that
the system is working.
匯 入之後，可以再編輯欄位及分欄。Once
your import is complete you will be brought to the framework edit
tool where you can make any changes you need to the framework you
imported.
4.2. Koha 對映至 MARC
Koha to MARC Mapping
Koha
儲存全部的MARC記錄，並把近用所需的欄位儲存在資料庫的不同表內。Koha
根據對照表，取得MARC記錄，通常不需修改安裝時預設的對照表。
While Koha stores the entire MARC
record, it also stores common fields for easy access in various
tables in the database. Koha to MARC Mapping is used to tell Koha
where to find these values in the MARC record. In many cases you will
not have to change the default values set by in this tool on
installation, but it is Important to know that the tool is here and
can be used at any time.
- 首頁 › 管理 › 目錄 › Koha 對映至 MARC Get there: More > Administration > Catalog > Koha to MARC Mapping
Koha 對映至
MARC，有三個表：biblio、biblioitems、items。The
Koha to MARC Mapping page offers you the option of choosing from one
of three tables in the database to assign values to.
選定表格，按下‘完成’鈕，接著點選‘Koha欄位’
或‘編輯’連結。After
choosing the table you would like to view, click 'OK.' To edit any
mapping click on the 'Koha Filed' or the 'Edit' link.
重要 Important
一 個機讀編目格式欄位祗能對映至一個Koha欄位，也就是不能把100a與700a對映至Koha的作者欄位，祗能選擇一個。At
this time you can map only 1 MARC field to 1 Koha field. This means
that you won't be able to map both the 100a and the 700a to the
author field, you need to choose one or the other.
4.3. 鍵詞對映至MARC
Keywords to MARC Mapping
此工具允許您把鍵詞對映至機讀編目格式欄位。This
tool will allow you to map MARC fields to a set of predefined
keywords.
- 首頁 › 管理 › 目錄 › 鍵詞對映至 MARC Get there: More > Administration > Catalog > Keywords to MARC Mapping
目前，祗使用‘副題名’裡的的鍵詞。At
this time the only keyword in use is 'subtitle.'
以 下的例子，使用副題名欄位。Using
this tool you can define what MARC field prints to the detail screen
of the bibliographic record using keywords. The following example
will use the subtitle field.
從下拉選單裡，選取使用的框架。如：圖書
的副題名在245$b欄位。Using
the Framework pull down menu, choose the Framework you would like to
apply this rule to. For example, the subtitle for books can be found
in the 245$b field.
不過，DVD則顯示在245$p。However
the subtitle for DVDs appears in 245$p
以 這個工具告訴Koha，顯示書目記錄時，選定正確的欄位當成副題名。Using
this tool you can tell Koha to print the right field as the subtitle
when viewing the bibliographic record in the OPAC.
此工具可以把相關的資訊串在一起，如：把集叢號與題名放在一起，祗要把
490$v對映至‘副題名’，245$b也對映至‘副題名’。This
tool can be used to chain together pieces of the record as well. If
you want the series number to show in the title on your search
results you simply have to map 490 $v to 'subtitle' along with the
245 $b.
秘訣 Tip
把顯示在題名的欄位，依序列出，即可。Chain
together the fields you want to show after the item title in the
order in which you want them to appear.
未來，Koha 可能包括其他的鍵詞對映欄位。Future
developments will include additional keyword assigned fields.
4.4. MARC 書目框架測試
MARC Bibliographic Framework Test
點選機讀編目格式書目框架測試。Checks
the MARC structure.
- 首頁 › 管理 › 目錄 › 機讀編目格式書目框架測試 Get there:Get there: More > Administration > Catalog > MARC Bibliographic Framework Test
改 變機讀編目格式書目框架的內容後，建議執行這個工具，測試其正確性。If
you change your MARC Bibliographic framework it's recommended that
you run this tool to test for errors in your definition.
權威類型是權威記錄的機讀編目格式框架，它的編輯規則等同於機讀編目格式書目框架。Koha內建若干必要的權威框架，點選本手冊裡的機讀編目格式書目框架，就可習得新增與編輯權威類型的知識。
Authority Types are basically MARC
Frameworks for Authority records and because of that they follow the
same editing rules found in the MARC Bibliographic Frameworks section
of this manual. Koha comes with many of the necessary Authority
frameworks already installed. To learn how to add and edit Authority
Types, simply review the MARC Bibliographic Frameworks section of
this manual.
- 首頁 › 管理 › 目錄 › 鍵詞對映至 MARC Get there:Get there: More > Administration > Catalog > Authority Types
4.6. 分類法來源
Classification Sources
Savitra Sirohi
Nucsoft OSS Labs
Nicole C. Engard
Fixed typos, changed content where
necessary and added new screenshots.
August 2010
2010年8月，Savitra
Sirohi(Nucsoft OSS Labs)與Nicole
C. Engard提醒，此處需要修訂及新增畫面。
分 類法來源或排架規則是容許值範疇，對映至機讀編目格式書目框架的942$2欄位。Source
of classification or shelving scheme is an Authorized Values category
that is mapped to field 942$2 in Koha's MARC Bibliographic
frameworks.
- 首頁 › 管理 › 目錄 › 鍵詞對映至 MARC Get there:Get there: More > Administration > Catalog > Classification sources
常用的值為：Commonly used
values of this field are:
- ddc - 杜威十進分類法 Dewey Decimal Classification
- lcc - 美國國會圖書館分類法Library of Congress Classification
安 裝Koha時，同時安裝分類法來源，可以看到其他的來源：If
you chose to install classification sources during Koha's
installation, you would see other values too:
- ANSCR (sound recordings) 錄音資料用
- SuDOC classification 美國政府出版品分類法
- Universal Decimal Classification 國際十進分類法
- Other/Generic Classification 其他分類法
4.6.1. 新增/編輯分類法來源
Adding/Editing Classification
Sources
點 選新增分類法來源，可以新增分類法：You
can add your own source of classification by using the New
Classification Source button. To edit use the Edit link.
- 鍵入分類法代碼與描述。You will need to enter a code and a description.
- 想 讓該分類法出現在下拉選單裡，則點選‘使用分類法嗎？’Check the 'Source in use?' checkbox if you want the value to appear in the drop down list for this category.
- 從下拉選單裡，選取排序規則。Select the appropriate filing rule from the drop down list.
4.6.2. 分類排序規則
Classification Filing Rules
排序規則決定館藏在書架的順序。Filing
rules determine the order in which items are placed on shelves.
Koha預設值為：Values
that are pre-configured in Koha are:
- 杜威十進分類法 Dewey
- 美國國會圖書館分類法LCC
- 通用法 Generic
排 序規則應映至分類法來源，點選新排序規則鈕，可以建立新的排序規則
。Filing rules are mapped to
Classification sources. You can setup new filing rules by using the
New Filing Rule button. To edit use the Edit link.
新增或編輯時：When creating
or editing:
- 鍵入代碼與描述 Enter a code and a description
- 選擇排序規則 - 杜威十進分類法、美國國會圖書館分類法、通用法 Choose an appropriate filing routine - dewey, generic or lcc
4.7. 記錄匹配規則
Record Matching Rules
匯入機讀編目格式時，需用到記錄匹配規則。Record
matching rules are used when importing MARC records into Koha.
- 首頁 › 管理 › 目錄 › 鍵詞對映至 MARC Get there:Get there: More > Administration > Catalog > Record Matching Rules
匯入機讀編目格式書目時，用到此規則。The
rules that you set up here will be referenced with you Stage MARC
Records for Import.
新增匹配規則：To create a new
matching rule :
- 點選‘新增記錄匹配規則’：Click 'New Record Matching Rule'
- 選定規則名稱，然後鍵入至‘對應規則代碼’欄位 Choose a unique name and enter it in the 'Matching rule code' field
- ‘描述’欄位，鍵入任何說明文字。'Description' can be anything you want to make it clear to you what rule you're picking
- ‘對映門檻‘ - 對映點的總合，即符合對映的條件。'Match threshold' - The total number of 'points' a biblio must earn to be considered a 'match'
- ‘對映點’是設定合格欄位的標準。Match points are set up to determine what fields to match on
- ‘查 詢索引’在系統裡的ccl.propertie檔案，告知Zebra查詢機讀編目格式資料的欄位。'Search index' can be found by looking at the ccl.properties file on your system which tells the zebra indexing what data to search for in the MARC data".
- ‘分 數’是對應的總合，祗要大於對映門檻，匯入的記錄就與既有記錄相符。'Score' - The number of 'points' a match on this field is worth. If the sum of each score is greater than the match threshold, the incoming record is a match to the existing record
- ‘欄位’鍵入匹配的欄位名稱。Enter the MARC tag you want to match on in the 'Tag' field
- ‘分欄’鍵入匹配的分欄名稱。Enter the MARC tag subfield you want to match on in the 'Subfields' field
- ‘偏移’用於控制欄位，001-009。'Offset' - For use with control fields, 001-009
- ‘長度’用於控制欄位，001-009。'Length' - For use with control fields, 001-009
- Koha 祗有一個‘正規化規則’，移除逗點與分號等額外的字元，鍵入的值與正規化程序無關。Koha only has one 'Normalization rule' that removes extra characters such as commas and semicolons. The value you enter in this field is irrelevant to the normalization process.
- ‘需要此對應檢查’'Required match checks' - ??
4.7.1. 樣本記錄匹配規則：控制碼
Sample Record Matching Rule: Control
Number
- 對映門檻：100 Match threshold: 100
- 對映點：Matchpoints (just the one):
- 查詢索引：控制號碼 Search index: Control-number
- 分數Score: 101
- 分數Tag: 001
- 說明 Note
此 欄位供控制號碼用，由機構產生、使用或散布記錄之用。this
field is for the control number assigned by the organization
creating, using, or distributing the record
- 分欄：a Subfields: a
- 偏移:0 Offset: 0
- 長度：0 Length: 0
- 正規化規則：控制號碼 Normalization rule: Control-number
- 需要此對應檢查：無 Required Match checks: none (remove the blank one)
今天我們我們就是在學習作這個手冊中的操作，剛開始做的時候很多東西都不是很清楚
就傻傻的一直做後來才發現有許多東西是要自己設定的，不能使用預設。
其中也有幾個步驟困擾我好久，好了幾十分鐘就是作不出來，不過天下無難事只怕有心人，我重複推敲，跟同學討論，作號還是順利完成了，雖然誠品不是非常完美，但是已是盡我所能的作到最好。
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